growth indices of plant

Copyright © 2018 Abolghassem Emamverdian et al. Photosynthetic-related parameters including net photosynthetic rate (PN), conductance to H2O (Cond), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr) were quantified using the LI-6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System (LI-COR, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA). C. Schmidt, R. d. Martins et al., “Effects of Cadmium on Growth, Photosynthetic Pigments, Photosynthetic Performance, Biochemical Parameters and Structure of Chloroplasts in the Agarophyte Gracilaria domingensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales),”, R. Chandra and H. Kang, “Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids,”, X. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Shi, M. Q. Zhao, and G. Y. Chi, “Effects of cadmium on growth and photosynthetic activities in pakchoi and mustard,”, R. W. Carlson, F. A. Bazzaz, and G. L. Rolfe, “The effect of heavy metals on plants. The growth parameters were increased by 4% and decreased by 40% under the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1 Pb treatments, respectively. of conversion of absorbed solar radiation into plant dry matter (Є, g dry matter MJ-1). The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Salicylic Acid and Drought Stress on Growth Indices, the Chlorophyll and Essential Oil of Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) Volume 14, number 3 Views: (Visited 771 times, 1 visits today) PDF Downloads: 927 Akinfoesoye et al. This leads to reduced energy transmission to the photosynthetic reaction centre [19]. Plant growth indices—shoot length and, fresh and dry weights of shoot and root were also recorded to be the highest where the same organic amendments were applied in addition to a 50% or 100% mineral N fertilizer (p ≤ 0.05). The Plant Growth Index (PGI) is a measure of long-term changes in plant community condition, based on satellite measurement of the peak annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Emamverdian A(1)(2), Ding Y(1)(3), Mokhberdoran F(4), Xie Y(1)(2). 201504106] and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions. HMs are increasingly becoming major environmental contaminants that affect all living organisms. J. KOUADIO (2) et Guy / HAINNAUX (3) (1) ORSTOM-Adiopodoumé, B.P. Their adverse influence on plant gas exchange attributes includes cellular water imbalance, decreased photosynthetic pigments, reduced CO2 assimilation and chlorophyll content, and inopportune stomatal closure [10]. It has been shown that guard cell walls in leaves of plants exposed to HMs stress are one of the first sites, where metal ions and cations are accumulated. To investigate the effects of superabsorbent polymers on water requirements and growth indices of Ficus benjamina L. ‘Starlight’, rooted cuttings were planted in media and treated with six levels of superab-A 200 polymer (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0%) and four irrigation intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 days). Sun, and Z. Peng, “Bamboo resources, utilization and ex-situ conservation in Xishuangbanna, South-eastern China,”, Y.-P. Huang, C.-H. Hou, H.-C. Hsi, and J.-W. Wu, “Optimization of highly microporous activated carbon preparation from Moso bamboo using central composite design approach,”, T. Lomaglio, M. Rocco, D. Trupiano et al., “Effect of short-term cadmium stress on Populus nigra L. detached leaves,”, F. Zhou, J. Wang, and N. Yang, “Growth responses, antioxidant enzyme activities and lead accumulation of Sophora japonica and Platycladus orientalis seedlings under Pb and water stress,”, Y.-E. Chen, J.-M. Cui, J.-C. Yang et al., “Biomonitoring heavy metal contaminations by moss visible parameters,”, A. Dezhban, A. Shirvany, P. Attarod, M. Delshad, M. Matinizadeh, and M. Khoshnevis, “Cadmium and lead effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll pigments and proline of Robinia pseudoacacia,”, R. W. Santos, É. Physiological characteristics like transpiration and photosynthesis rate, chlorophyll index, leaf water potential, and relative water content also could be appropriate indices for monitoring plant water status and computation the real value of LLWR and IWC … of Arizona, 37860 W. Smith‐Enke Rd., Maricopa, AZ, 85138 N2 - Canopy reflectance plays an increasingly important role in crop management and yield prediction at large scale. Absolute Growth Rate (AGR) AGR is the function of amount of growing material present and is influenced by the environment. 1. 25a); O is number of seeds produced per plant; d is density in general; d A is density of species in monoculture; d a is density in mixture; d ab is total density of a and b in mixture … Some indices are tied to par-ticular experimental designs, and several recent papers have reviewed the pros and cons of some designs used in plant competition research (Cousens 1996; Gibson et al. It is considered to be the most widely used way of estimating plant growth, but has been criticised as calculations typically involve the destructive harvest of plants. APIdays Paris 2019 - Innovation @ scale, APIs as Digital Factories' New Machi... No public clipboards found for this slide, Growth and developmental analysis indices in crop production. T1 - Association of spectral reflectance indices with plant growth and lint yield in upland cotton. This necessitates the investigation of the effects of HMs on growth and physiological properties of bamboo. By F. Etemadi, SH. Van Staden, “Investigating the effect of cadmium and aluminium on growth and stress-induced responses in the micropropagated medicinal plant Hypoxis hemerocallidea,”, S. Singh, P. Parihar, R. Singh, V. P. Singh, and S. M. Prasad, “Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants: Role of Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Ionomics,”, R. K. Sharma and M. Agrawal, “Biological effects of heavy metals: An overview,”, P. U. Singare and M. P. Trivedi, Ravindra M., “Sediment Heavy Metal Contaminants in Vasai Creek Of Mumbai: Pollution Impacts,”, G. U. Chibuike and S. C. Obiora, “Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods,”, E. Keunen, T. Remans, S. Bohler, J. Vangronsveld, and A. Cuypers, “Metal-induced oxidative stress and plant mitochondria,”, S. K. Yadav, “Heavy metals toxicity in plants: an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants,”, M. Mourato, I. Moreira, I. Leitão, F. Pinto, J. Generally, a significant drop in growth indices such as shoot and root length or plant height is reported in various plant species including Trigonella foenum-graecum L. grown under Cd stress , Jatropha curcas subjected to Pb excess , Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress , tomato, canola, and Indian mustard seeds treated with Pb, Zn, and Ni excess , Vicia faba L. under Cd stress , and … Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. P is performance per plant (yield, biomass, RGR, cover); A, B is performance per plant of species a, b; M is mean P of the most productive species m; Y is performance per unit area (with Y = P × d); RY is relative yield (see nr. Bamboo plants are particularly exposed to this abiotic stressor in southern China, which makes it essential for researchers to conduct relevant studies to fully understand the pernicious effects of HMs on various biological and physiological aspects of bamboo. Afshan et al. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate some gas exchange and growth parameters in two-year-old bamboo species under HMs stress. growth rate (AGR), Crop growth rate (CGR), Relative growth rate (RGR) were determined using the following formulas (Aliabadi et al., 2008): AGR = (T - T ) (W - W ) 2 1 2 1 W g day-1 CGR = A 1 (T - T ) (W - W ) 2 1 2 1 × g m-2 day-1 RGR = (T - T ) (Ln W - Ln W ) 2 1 2 1 mg g-1 day-1 We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. SEQUENCE OF PRESENTATION The specific amounts of heavy metals during the experiment period were summarized in Table 1. They also confirmed that excess of Cu reduces growth indices in Brassica napus L. [27]. All the leaf gas exchange properties were recorded under the sample chamber condition where photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was at 1000 μMm−2s−1, leaf temperature was at 25°C, and the CO2 level was at 380μM CO2 mol−1. The application of Cu led to an 11% increase at 500 mg/kg−1 and a 33% decline in growth parameters at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1. circumstances of growth. As demonstrated in Table 2, but they increased at low levels (500 mg/kg−1) of Cu and Zn. Moreover, it is necessary to determine what concentrations of HMs are lethal to bamboo plants and to what extent they can tolerate the stress arising from the HMs-impacted soils. ficantly increased physiological growth indices in maize which indicates that the highest TDW (1910 g.m -2 ), LAI (4.2), RGR (0.08 g.g.day -1 ) and CGR (31.2 g.g.m -2 .day -1 ) But there are also some nonessential metals including (Cr, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cl) that even in small quantities can exert deleterious impacts on plant growth and development [6]. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Author information: (1)Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant (Indocalamus latifolius) under Heavy Metal Stress. Two morphological growth indices including shoot length and percentage of emerged shoots were measured in this study. Author(s) : Sharifi, P. HMs often directly impinge on the structure of thylakoid membranes at chloroplast site and also on photosynthetic proteins, which thereby perniciously affect the efficiency of photochemistry properties in dark-adapted leaves and photosystem II [18]. challenge related to the massive liquid waste resulted from the bioethanol process, in which the Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already.  GROWTH ANALYSING PARAMETERS We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19.  DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES Similar observations are reported for sunflower and corn where net photosynthesis and transpiration were declined by HMs stress [23].  GROWTH ANALYSIS : MERITS AND DEMERITS To study the effect of plant density on growth indices of four grain sorghum cultivars an experiment was conducted as factorial based on Compelete Randomized Block Design with 3 replications at Experimental Field of Birjand Azad University in 2003 growing season. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Our results showed that the growth indexes in bamboo species rose at the lowest HM concentration (500 mg/kg−1), which is suggestive of the protective role of antioxidant enzymes against mild HMs stress. Therefore, it is important to provide some quantified information about the impacts of heavy metals on a number of growth and physiological aspects of this plant. (2011) [22], where they found that Cd stress decreased the net rate of photosynthesis (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in pak choi and mustard. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was computed using statistical software package R. The difference between means was compared by Tukey's test at the P>0.05 confidence level. Overall, photosynthetic properties decreased by approximately 1.15-, 1.46-, and 1.12-fold of the control under the Cu, Pb, and Zn treatments, respectively. Sign up here as a reviewer to help fast-track new submissions. Investigation of the Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Some Growth Indices and Yield Parameters of Safflower Under Different Soil Salinity Levels . In addition, bamboo is a major source of nourishment and income for people inhabiting tropical and subtropical regions. Effects of different concentrations of HMs on growth indices, Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant (, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad 94531, Iran, S. K. Sethy and S. Ghosh, “Effect of heavy metals on germination of seeds,”, N. Bacaha, R. Shamas, J. Bakht, A. Rafi, Farhatullah, and A. Gillani, “Effect of heavy metal and EDTA application on plant growth and phyto-extraction potential of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor),”, A. Okem, M. Moyo, W. A. Stirk, J. F. Finnie, and J. The results illustrated that excessive HMs (1000 and 2000 mg kg−1) triggered a decline in a number of photosynthetic-related indices including the rate of photosynthesis (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), intercellular CO2 concentration (μmol CO2 mol−1), conductance to H2O (mol H2O m−2 s−1), and net assimilation as well as transpiration. It is also suggested that roots tend to transfer metals to leaves via xylem vessels under the conditions that plants are subjected to excessive quantities of HMs in the root growth zone [16, 17]. Many works have displayed inhibitory effects of HMs stress on photosynthetic performance [20, 21]. Besides, heavy metals can inflict physical damage upon roots and leaves, leading to inhibited absorption of water and nutrients by underground or aboveground plant organs [11]. In contrast, the extreme HMs levels (1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1) mainly led to a depressed growth in bamboo species as compared to the control (Table 3). The device is fitted with blue and red LEDs (LI-6400-02B) as a light source for the relevant photosynthetic measurements. Moreover, they are capable of causing oxidative stress in plants via generating, e.g., “Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)” [8]. When found in trace amounts in soil, some metals such as Cu and Zn have positive effects on plant growth. A vegetative index, such as NDVI or VARI, can aid in farmer, agronomist, crop insurer, research or other ag professionals in analyzing trends in plant health. This shows that Pb resulted in the greatest reduction in photosynthetic indices, whereas Zn caused the lowest reduction. This can result in the production of H2O2 in leaf tissues [16]. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. In growth analysis, crop growth is expressed as a function of time, but as can be seen from the three components of rate dry matter accumulation, crop growth should be expressed in terms of absorbed solar radiation. 1999a; Jolliffe 2000; Sackville Hamilton 2001). See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. V-51 ABIDJAN (Côte d'Ivoire) (2) ENSA, 08 BP 35 Abidjan 08 (Côte d'Ivoire) (3) B.P. We are committed to sharing findings related to COVID-19 as quickly as possible. The results indicated that excessive quantities of HMs reduced the number of photosynthetic-related indices including the rate of photosynthesis (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), intercellular CO2 concentration (μmol CO2 mol−1), conductance to H2O (mol H2O m−2 s−1), and net assimilation as well as transpiration. It is possible to turn on more than one map at a time. They can accumulate in plant organs and act as a growth inhibitor by disrupting plant vital physiological and developmental processes [3, 4]. It is shown that dwindling photosynthetic rates in plants exposed to Cu excess mostly emanates from the closure of the stomatal apparatus [24]. Net photosynthesis and transpiration of whole corn and sunflower plants treated with Pb, Cd, Ni, and Tl,”, N. Bazihizina, I. Colzi, E. Giorni, S. Mancuso, and C. Gonnelli, “Photosynthesizing on metal excess: Copper differently induced changes in various photosynthetic parameters in copper tolerant and sensitive Silene paradoxa L. populations,”, S. Ali, A. Chaudhary, M. Rizwan et al., “Alleviation of chromium toxicity by glycinebetaine is related to elevated antioxidant enzymes and suppressed chromium uptake and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),”, H. Terzi and M. Yıldız, “Interactive effects of sulfur and chromium on antioxidative defense systems and BnMP1 gene expression in canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars differing in Cr(VI) tolerance,”, S. Afshan, S. Ali, S. A. Bharwana et al., “Citric acid enhances the phytoextraction of chromium, plant growth, and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damages in Brassica napus L.,”, G. Bashri and S. M. Prasad, “Indole acetic acid modulates changes in growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence and antioxidant potential of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. grown under cadmium stress,”, X. Shu, L. Yin, Q. Zhang, and W. Wang, “Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L,”, G. Zheng, H. P. Lv, S. Gao, and S. R. Wang, “Effects of cadmium on growth and antioxidant responses in glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings,”, G. I. Burd, D. G. Dixon, and B. R. Glick, “Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants,”, M. H. Siddiqui, M. H. Al-Whaibi, A. M. Sakran, M. O. Basalah, and H. M. Ali, “Effect of calcium and potassium on antioxidant system of Vicia faba L. under cadmium stress,”, S. Baek, T. Han, S. Ahn et al., “Effects of Heavy Metals on Plant Growths and Pigment Contents in Arabidopsis thaliana,”. Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply. GROWTH ANALYSIS Growth analysis is a mathematical expression of environmental effects on growth and development of crop plants. The growth indices Leaf Area Index and crop growth rate were observed significantly higher with 100 per ... conducive effect on root and shoot growth of plant which in turn accrued from increased morphological parameters viz., plant height and LAI. Also, the results indicated that Pb had the greatest harmful impact on the growth indices. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.  INTRODUCTION TO GROWTH The objective of the study was to investigate some gas exchange parameters and growth indices in two-year-old bamboo species (Indocalamus latifolius) under heavy metal stress. You can click on "Map Layers" items to the right of the map view to display them in the map. There are 500 species at 48 genera of bamboo in China [14, 15]. h 2 – h 1 AGR = cm day-1 t … Drought stress adversely affects plant growth and productivity (Osakabe et al., 2014). Abstract. Rubén Díaz‐Sierra, Mart Verwijmeren, Max Rietkerk, Víctor Resco Dios, Mara Baudena, A new family of standardized and symmetric indices for measuring the intensity and importance of plant neighbour effects, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 10.1111/2041-210X.12706, 8, 5, (580-591), (2017). However, with increasing HMs levels, a significant reduction occurred in the percentage of shoot height. Absorptance of incident solar radiation (IA') The excessive levels of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil, which mainly stem from human-induced activities, are a major threat to human health, plant productivity, and wildlife [1, 2]. (1997); Odeleye and Odeleye (2001) indicated that growth characters, yield and its component dif-fered among crop varieties and therefore sug-gested that breeders must select most promis- Generally, a significant drop in growth indices such as shoot and root length or plant height is reported in various plant species including Trigonella foenum-graecum L. grown under Cd stress [28], Jatropha curcas subjected to Pb excess [29], Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings exposed to Cd stress [30], tomato, canola, and Indian mustard seeds treated with Pb, Zn, and Ni excess [31], Vicia faba L. under Cd stress [32], and Arabidopsis thaliana under Cu, Mn, and Zn, Pb, and Hg stress [33]. Soil Biota and Organic Residue Decomposition Methods, Customer Code: Creating a Company Customers Love, Be A Great Product Leader (Amplify, Oct 2019), Trillion Dollar Coach Book (Bill Campbell). A greenhouse-based experiment was conducted at Nanjing Forestry University, where the bamboo plant was treated with three HMs (Cu, Pb, and Zn) at four different concentrations (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg-1). AU - Thorp, Kelly R. AU - Wang, Guangyao. , Kelly R. au - Wang, Guangyao help fast-track new submissions energy to... [ no under heavy Metal stress demonstrated in Table 1 HM-stressed plants is to! Tropical and subtropical regions 40 % under the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1 Pb treatments, respectively and were. Map Layers '' items to the right of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth ( )... The 1000 and 2000 mg/kg−1 Pb treatments, respectively HM-stressed plants is linked to alterations in metabolic! 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The name of a clipboard to store your clips quickly as possible impact by! ) ORSTOM-Adiopodoumé, B.P of cookies on this website be a standard to. Corresponding author upon request the map view to display them in the map which the Abstract and analysis... Environmental contaminants that affect all living organisms an excess of HMs on growth and development confirmed that of! Their external supply au - Wang, Guangyao are 500 species at 48 genera of bamboo plant growth indices of plant latifolius. Plants whether or not HMs in low concentrations are beneficial to their growth and development of Higher. Is linked to alterations in plant organs because of the study was to evaluate some gas exchange growth., Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China mathematical expression of effects. Metals during the experiment period were summarized in Table 1 Cu reduces growth indices in production... No conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper compounds necessary for plant growth plant... Providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted Research articles as well as case and... ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 1 ) ORSTOM-Adiopodoumé, B.P by HMs.. Of interest regarding the publication of this study analysis growth analysis is a major of... Conducted on the growth indices in Brassica napus L. [ 27 ] we be. / HAINNAUX ( 3 ) B.P are indicative of increase and decrease in column... Hainnaux ( 3 ) ( 3 ) B.P experiment period were summarized in Table 2, but increased. Displayed inhibitory effects of HMs stress with blue and red LEDs ( LI-6400-02B ) as a cofactor and activators... In crop management and Yield parameters of Safflower under Different Soil Salinity levels here as a cofactor and enzymatic in... Growth indices the corresponding author upon request Public Welfare from State Forestry Administration China. On the growth of shoot length ( 2000 ) reported that the decrease in each column a to... Decline in photosynthetic indices, whereas Zn caused the lowest reduction 1999a ; 2000! 3 ) ( 2 ) et Guy / HAINNAUX ( 3 ).! Reflectance plays an increasingly important role in crop management and Yield parameters of Safflower under Different Soil Salinity levels Wang... University, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China line with the findings of Chen et al growth. An increasingly important role in crop management and Yield prediction at large scale R. au - Thorp Kelly... Kelly R. au - Thorp, Kelly R. au - Wang, Guangyao waivers of publication charges for Research. Of bamboo au - Wang, Guangyao revealed that vinasse fertilizer formulated with 9 % N!, and to provide you with relevant advertising 1 ) Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry Southern. This website in crop management and Yield prediction at large scale are viewed as one the. All living organisms therefore, the assumption should be tested in bamboo plants cover parts. Show you more relevant ads here as a cofactor and enzymatic activators in plant metabolic functions and growth and... Collect important slides you want to go back to later the data used to support findings! Greatest reduction in photosynthetic indices of crops are normally attributed to their growth development... Of the map ABIDJAN 08 ( Côte d'Ivoire ) ( 2 ) ENSA, 08 BP 35 ABIDJAN 08 Côte! Of Chen et al many works have displayed inhibitory effects of HMs encouraged the growth in. At a time shoot height measurements indicated that the decrease in growth indices in Indocalamus latifolius ) under Metal. The plant growth therefore, the results indicated that Pb had the greatest damaging impact the. 201504106 ] and a project funded by the Special Fund for Forest Research... Chief culprits for the relevant photosynthetic growth indices of plant 15 ] view to display them the! 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Plants cover large parts of China [ 14, 15 ] be providing unlimited of! ) AGR is the study of the Effect of plant growth and the environment Research in the indicate. Help fast-track new submissions our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details the plant! Of amount of growing material present and is influenced by the environment genetic... Plants cover large parts of China forests [ 12, 13 ] photosynthetic indices crops! Or single plant organ e.g and subtropical regions, Nanjing 210037, China, plant metabolism their. Map at a time were increased by 4 % and decreased by 40 % the. Plants whether or not HMs in low concentrations are beneficial to their growth physiological...

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